Organic Matter

Organic matter refers to decomposed plant and animal residues used to improve soil structure and fertility. It includes materials like compost, manure, leaf litter, and other natural decomposed materials.

Importance in Gardening

  • Soil Structure: Organic matter improves soil texture, making heavy clay soils more workable and sandy soils better at retaining moisture. Also Read: Soil pH
  • Nutrient Supply: Provides essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium as it decomposes, which are vital for plant growth.
  • Water Retention: Enhances the soil’s ability to retain water, reducing the need for frequent watering.
  • Microbial Activity: Boosts the population of beneficial microorganisms that aid in decomposing organic materials and nutrient cycling.

Also Read: What is Composting?

Sources of Organic Matter

  • Compost: Decomposed kitchen scraps, garden waste, and other organic materials.
  • Manure: Animal waste from livestock like cows, horses, and chickens.
  • Green Manure: Cover crops like clover and alfalfa, grown specifically to be tilled back into the soil.
  • Leaf Litter and Mulch: Fallen leaves and plant debris that decompose naturally on the soil surface.

Benefits of Adding Organic Matter

  • Improves Soil Fertility: Releases nutrients slowly over time, providing a steady supply to plants.
  • Enhances Soil Structure: Helps bind soil particles together in aggregates, improving aeration and root penetration.
  • Increases Water Infiltration and Retention: Allows soil to hold more water, reducing runoff and erosion.
  • Promotes Beneficial Microorganisms: Supports the growth of microbes that break down organic materials and release nutrients.

How to Add Organic Matter to Soil

  • Mixing into Soil: Incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into the soil at planting time or during soil preparation.
  • Top Dressing: Spread a layer of compost or mulch on top of the soil around plants to decompose slowly.
  • Green Manure: Plant cover crops and till them into the soil before they flower to add organic matter directly.